Repeated dosing with oral cocaine in humans: Assessment of direct effects, withdrawal, and pharmacokinetics.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
patterns and variations in native and non-native interlanguage pragmatic rating: effects of rater training, intercultural proficiency, and self-assessment
although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولthe effects of collaborative strategic reading and direct instruction in persuasion on iranian second grade of high school students persuasive writing and attitudes
this study examined the effects of collaborative strategic reading and direct instruction in persuasion on iranian high school students persuasive writing and attitudes. students in three intact classes were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: collaborative strategic reading and direct instruction in persuasion or direct instruction in persuasion or a control group. treatment effects...
Anxiogenic effects of cocaine withdrawal in zebrafish.
Continued usage of cocaine is determined by genetic, conditioned and homeostatic factors, while it is reinforced by drug-induced reward and the emotionally negative state of drug withdrawal, which includes anxiety. The molecular mechanisms of these long-term behavioral and physiological alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that in zebrafish, a wide range of non-anest...
متن کاملAge Dependent Effects of Repeated Cocaine Exposure and Withdrawal on Cortical Activity
Exposure to a drug of abuse during adolescence significantly increases the risk for addiction. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased risk remain unclear. We assessed the impact of repeated cocaine injection on cortical activity in rats, and asked whether the age at which drug exposure takes place plays a role in determining the neuroadaptations observed in the mesocortical reward sys...
متن کاملassessment of deep word knowledge in elementary and advanced iranian efl learners: a comparison of selective and productive wat tasks
testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...
ذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1936-2293,1064-1297
DOI: 10.1037/a0016469